Judge, Referee, or God â€“ the role of the GM

Submitted by Ghostwind on Thu, 2003-10-16 09:57

GM's Perspective

By John Wommer

Hello. My name is John Wommer and I'm going to be writing for GM's Perspective. As an introduction, I'd like to share a little about my background, to give you an idea of where I'm coming from, and why I'm here.

I've been gaming since 1977 - I started about a month before the first hardcover 1st ed D&D book was released (the Monster Manual) and have been going ever since. I have not only played but I have worked in the retail end of the game industry, most recently as manager of the Wizards of the Coast store in Puyallup, WA. It was in that position that I got to have a good look at the inner workings of the "giant of gaming", and to meet some great folks who are currently involved in various parts of the "modern" gaming industry. Most recently, I have had two articles published in d20zine!, my first published works.

For the first 7 years of my gaming career all I did was play. I absolutely hated the idea of DMing, and did all I humanly could to avoid it. Then I met my new college roommate, John Garcia.
All John had done was DM for as long as I had been playing. At the start of that first game, John announced that there were some rules he was changing, and handed out a sheet with those rules changes on it. I was blown away - he changed the rules. One of the reasons I didn't DM was because, while I enjoyed playing by the rules, there were some that I thought kinda sucked, but to change them? The thought had never crossed my mind. I blame my friends who introduced me to gaming - they were a bunch of grognards (wargamers) who lived and died by rules, so the idea of changing them was, well, against the rules.

In the 19 years since, I have learned better. For one, I now DM almost exclusively. I have created at least two full worlds over the years, with literally dozens lying half born somewhere in the back of my brain and/or on a backup CD somewhere. I have run D&D (1st, 2nd, and 3rd eds), GURPS (primarily Star Trek, Supers, and a haunted Old West game - about 3 years before Deadlands), Space Opera, Ghostbusters, Paranoia, Call of Cthulu, TORG, Villains & Vigilantes, and the White Wolf World of Darkness games. And in each of them, I have changed some rules, and have a handout for players that list what those changes are.

Currently I am 1Â½ years into creating my penultimate world, the one I plan on exploring and expanding for the rest of my gaming career. I'm using the d20/3rd ed rules to get there, though heavily modified - as of this writing my Players handbook is weighing in at about 70- pages or so, but only includes races, core classes, and the framework of the magic systems I'll use. I plan on borrowing heavily from a number of D20 sources to make the world the one I want. I have a dream of how this world lives and breathes, and I want the rules I use to convey early on to my players a sense the world in which their "other selves" have grown up in, work in, and care about.

But enough about me.

In my columns I hope to cover a range of topics, from how elements of the real world can be useful to a game, to looking at things a GM may need to think about when starting out. My experience is that whether a GM is just starting out, or is running a long time campaign, there is a need from time to time to step back and look at their game - is this what I want? Is it what my players want? Is it time for a change? So we'll start from scratch and go from there.

I also plan to write for players as well. While this column is the "GM's" Perspective, the games we play are a team effort, and the players are generally the greater part of the team. Their perspectives have as great, if not greater, impact on the game then the judge of those games, no matter how "powerful" that judge is. As GM you may be the center of the universe, but without everything around you working in balance your universe will fall down and go boom.

Judge, Referee, or God - the role of the GM

Each of us has had played in a game where the GM has, well, sucked. Ironically, what constitutes this condition is as different as the styles of play of each of us. I have had players pull out of one of my games because I and my group were too boring - though everyone else said they enjoyed the depth of role-playing in that particular game. The couple who left wanted action, action, action. They weren't interested in character involvement or back story, they just wanted to do.

I have played in games where the whole point of the game itself seemed a contest between the GM and the players - could he kill us (for the slightest mistake or through any situation) or would we survive. The GM played as a very active, very callous god who pulled all the strings to do in the characters. Unfortunately there are many, many GMs I've encountered with this particular mind set "I'm God and all powerful!!! muhahahaha!" and all of them find themselves alone fairly quickly. Even sadder is the players I've met who only ever had this experience, and gave up on gaming because they thought that's what gaming is all about.

Each of us could create a multi-page list of "bad" GMs or games we've been in or, if we're honest with ourselves, we have run. The new generation of games have started to address this, to give advice on game style and GMing. A good acknowledgement of the importance of the GM on the game, and great help for beginners and experienced GMs alike. Most of these present one or two approaches, however, and just as there are a multitude of players and GMs, there are that many (and maybe one more) styles of play.

For this first column I'd like to briefly take a look at three approaches to GMing, which with a little tweaking, I think any GM could make work easily for them, or help them reorient a game into something enjoyable for both themselves and their players.

Sports approach - making the most of the team

If you think about a game as a sports game, and the game group as a sports team, then the GM can be seen as wearing several different hats:

Â· they are the coach - helping to organize the team effectively, giving them tips and encouragement to do their best, and occasionally kicking butt to bring someone into line with the rest of the team.

Â· they are the referee - fully versed in the rules, and interpreting the players "moves" within those rules to check for compliance, and making rule calls to keep the game moving and avoiding argumentative obstacles from the game's progression.

Â· and perhaps most important they are a fellow teammate - working together with the players to create an enjoyable game. They often share the burden of creativity, of keeping the pace "in game", of directing where the game is going directly with their players -making the game a true team effort.

The team oriented approach works well in groups in which the players know each other well, and are willing to forfeit a small amount of (character) independence to have a smooth flowing, organized game. Team GMs tend to turn to their players frequently outside the game for help in organizing game elements, will help guide players in advancing their characters, and make clear to their players that rules calls made during the game stand until afterwards, when they will review decisions made. The Team approach is good for long term, short term, or pick up games and campaigns.

Storyteller approach - one person's vision, shared

Many authors, when interviewed, will talk about their story's characters coming to life, and guiding the story the author has in mind, sometimes delving into places the author hadn't intended.

The storyteller GM has much the same experience, except that they know that their characters are going to think independently, will contribute directly to the direction and advancement of the story, and are prone to introducing complications and twists that the storyteller hadn't counted on. Unlike the lone author writing a story, the storyteller GM relies on others to be their characters, which presents the challenge of involving others, but offers the reward that the characters are prone to bring Doritos.

The storyteller GM needs to be coordinated and keep a sense of "fair play" among his group, letting no one character claim the limelight without the others permission or without a mechanism for balancing each characters involvement to the overall story. It falls upon the storyteller to keep the story moving in the general direction they want while keeping player's desires and motivations in mind. Storytelling GMs also must be able to use improvisation as a means to guide the story, or give themselves breathing room when the players go off in an unexpected direction.

The storytelling approach works well with more "literary" minded groups, and those that are willing to contribute to the campaign as a whole rather then desiring their character to be the "star" of the show. The storytelling approach is best suited to long term campaigns, as interwoven story elements can often require many game sessions to resolve, often revealing additional elements.

Video game approach - set 'em up, mow 'em down

Every RPGer, at one time or another, has had the desire to simply forget alignment, forget the negotiations with the peasant for information, to forget any rules chapters beyond "Combat", and just lay waste to all those around them.

The Video GM is a cousin to the old school "killer DM" who's game is just an excuse to try to kill PCs and/or to give PCs an excuse to wrack up body counts and xps. They are also close relatives to the "Monty Haul" GMs who would give away powerful treasures to lower experienced players to increase their effectiveness beyond the characters normal levels.

The Video approach does away with such niceties as plot, sub-context, or character development, instead focusing on the character's effectiveness in combat, ability to move from adventure to adventure, and to empowering the individual to deal with most any threat - making teams of such characters devastating.

While the Video approach may seem counterproductive to "good" role-playing, it has the advantage of being quick and easy to set up and to execute. Groups that do not have set game times, are uninterested in long term campaigns, or are looking for a break from a long term campaign often enjoy the more action oriented, detail "lite" Video approach. The Video approach is also a good approach for a group of players who are individualistic by nature, or who are not planning on gaming together as a group for a long time period.

There are many other approaches, and often the theme of a campaign, the collective personality of a game group, or the current goal of the characters may call for changes to the approach a GM uses. What's "best" is up to the individual GM to decide - based on their own, and their players opinions and objectives. The three I've discussed here are far from all inclusive, but I hope that they help you to examine your own approach, and se if it is helping or hindering your games.

Next time I'll look at an issue brought up by a recent survey on the D20 Magazine Rack about the decline in RPG/d20 product sales. Stay tuned for "Duplication in Triplicate - How many elf books do I need?"

Re: Judge, Referee, or God – the role of the GM

Submitted by Llowellen on Mon, 2005-02-14 00:09.

Nicely presented arguements. I hadn't quite given the matter the thought that you have until reading this article but of the three approaches you present I certainly favour a mix of the first two in my own games.

Cheers
Llowellen

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